Monday, September 11, 2006

THE PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS

The president's address

***update...and a note of thanks to some very special men and women who have been on my mind all day...***

Here's the text of tonight's speech from President Bush. I'm adding hyperlinks. No, he doesn't say "I will not submit." But it's a solid statement to end a day of remembrance, resolve, and recognition. Video and comments at HA.

September 11, 2006

THE PRESIDENT: "Good evening. Five years ago, this date – September the 11th – was seared into America’s memory. Nineteen men attacked us with a barbarity unequaled in our history. They murdered people of all colors, creeds, and nationalities – and made war upon the entire free world. Since that day, America and her allies have taken the offensive in a war unlike any we have fought before. Today, we are safer, but we are not yet safe. On this solemn night, I have asked for some of your time to discuss the nature of the threat still before us … what we are doing to protect our Nation ... and the building of a more hopeful Middle East that holds the key to peace for America and the world.

"On Nine-Eleven, our Nation saw the face of evil. Yet on that awful day, we also witnessed something distinctly American: ordinary citizens rising to the occasion, and responding with extraordinary acts of courage. We saw courage in office workers who were trapped on the high floors of burning skyscrapers – and called home so that their last words to their families would be of comfort and love. We saw courage in passengers aboard Flight 93, who recited the 23rd Psalm – and then charged the cockpit. And we saw courage in the Pentagon staff who made it out of the flames and smoke – and ran back in to answer cries for help. On this day, we remember the innocent who lost their lives – and we pay tribute to those who gave their lives so that others might live.

"For many of our citizens, the wounds of that morning are still fresh. I have met firefighters and police officers who choke up at the memory of fallen comrades. I have stood with families gathered on a grassy field in Pennsylvania, who take bittersweet pride in loved ones who refused to be victims – and gave America our first victory in the war on terror. And I have sat beside young mothers with children who are now five-years-old – and still long for the daddies who will never cradle them in their arms. Out of this suffering, we resolve to honor every man and woman lost. And we seek their lasting memorial in a safer and more hopeful world.

"Since the horror of Nine-Eleven, we have learned a great deal about the enemy. We have learned that they are evil and kill without mercy – but not without purpose. We have learned that they form a global network of extremists who are driven by a perverted vision of Islam – a totalitarian ideology that hates freedom, rejects tolerance, and despises all dissent. And we have learned that their goal is to build a radical Islamic empire where women are prisoners in their homes, men are beaten for missing prayer meetings, and terrorists have a safe haven to plan and launch attacks on America and other civilized nations. The war against this enemy is more than a military conflict. It is the decisive ideological struggle of the 21st century, and the calling of our generation.

"Our Nation is being tested in a way that we have not been since the start of the Cold War. We saw what a handful of our enemies can do with box-cutters and plane tickets. We hear their threats to launch even more terrible attacks on our people. And we know that if they were able to get their hands on weapons of mass destruction, they would use them against us. We face an enemy determined to bring death and suffering into our homes. America did not ask for this war, and every American wishes it were over. So do I. But the war is not over – and it will not be over until either we or the extremists emerge victorious. If we do not defeat these enemies now, we will leave our children to face a Middle East overrun by terrorist states and radical dictators armed with nuclear weapons. We are in a war that will set the course for this new century – and determine the destiny of millions across the world.

"For America, Nine-Eleven was more than a tragedy – it changed the way we look at the world. On September the 11th, we resolved that we would go on the offense against our enemies – and we would not distinguish between the terrorists and those who harbor or support them. So we helped drive the Taliban from power in Afghanistan. We put al Qaeda on the run, and killed or captured most of those who planned the Nine-Eleven attacks – including the man believed to be the mastermind, Khalid Sheik Mohammed. He and other suspected terrorists have been questioned by the Central Intelligence Agency – and they have provided valuable information that has helped stop attacks in America and across the world. Now these men have been transferred to Guantanamo Bay, so they can be held to account for their actions. Osama Bin Laden and other terrorists are still in hiding. Our message to them is clear: No matter how long it takes, America will find you, and we will bring you to justice.

"On September the 11th, we learned that America must confront threats before they reach our shores – whether those threats come from terrorist networks or terrorist states. I am often asked why we are in Iraq when Saddam Hussein was not responsible for the Nine-Eleven attacks. The answer is that the regime of Saddam Hussein was a clear threat. My Administration, the Congress, and the United Nations saw the threat – and after Nine-Eleven, Saddam’s regime posed a risk that the world could not afford to take. The world is safer because Saddam Hussein is no longer in power. And now the challenge is to help the Iraqi people build a democracy that fulfills the dreams of the nearly 12 million Iraqis who came out to vote in free elections last December.

"Al Qaeda and other extremists from across the world have come to Iraq to stop the rise of a free society in the heart of the Middle East. They have joined the remnants of Saddam’s regime and other armed groups to foment sectarian violence and drive us out. Our enemies in Iraq are tough and they are committed – but so are Iraqi and Coalition forces. We are adapting to stay ahead of the enemy – and we are carrying out a clear plan to ensure that a democratic Iraq succeeds.

"We are training Iraqi troops so they can defend their nation. We are helping Iraq’s unity government grow in strength and serve its people. We will not leave until this work is done. Whatever mistakes have been made in Iraq, the worst mistake would be to think that if we pulled out, the terrorists would leave us alone. They will not leave us alone. They will follow us. The safety of America depends on the outcome of the battle in the streets of Baghdad. Osama Bin Laden calls this fight “the Third World War” – and he says that victory for the terrorists in Iraq will mean America’s “defeat and disgrace forever.” If we yield Iraq to men like Bin Laden, our enemies will be emboldened ... they will gain a new safe haven ... and they will use Iraq’s resources to fuel their extremist movement. We will not allow this to happen. America will stay in the fight. Iraq will be a free nation, and a strong ally in the war on terror.

"We can be confident that our Coalition will succeed – because the Iraqi people have been steadfast in the face of unspeakable violence. And we can be confident in victory – because of the skill and resolve of America’s Armed Forces. Every one of our troops is a volunteer, and since the attacks of September the 11th, more than 1.6 million Americans have stepped forward to put on our Nation's uniform. In Iraq, Afghanistan, and other fronts in the war on terror, the men and women of our military are making great sacrifices to keep us safe. Some have suffered terrible injuries – and nearly 3,000 have given their lives. America cherishes their memory. We pray for their families. And we will never back down from the work they have begun.

"We also honor those who toil day and night to keep our homeland safe – and we are giving them the tools they need to protect our people. We have created the Department of Homeland Security … we have torn down the wall that kept law enforcement and intelligence from sharing information ... we have tightened security at our airports, seaports, and borders ... and we have created new programs to monitor enemy bank records and phone calls. Thanks to the hard work of our law enforcement and intelligence professionals, we have broken up terrorist cells in our midst, and saved American lives.

"Five years after Nine-Eleven, our enemies have not succeeded in launching another attack on our soil – but they have not been idle. Al Qaeda and those inspired by its hateful ideology have carried out terrorist attacks in more than two dozen nations. And just last month, they were foiled in a plot to blow up passenger planes headed for the United States. They remain determined to attack America and kill our citizens – and we are determined to stop them. We will continue to give the men and women who protect us every resource and legal authority they need to do their jobs.

"In the first days after the Nine-Eleven attacks, I promised to use every element of national power to fight the terrorists wherever we find them. One of the strongest weapons in our arsenal is the power of freedom. The terrorists fear freedom as much as they do our firepower. They are thrown into panic at the sight of an old man pulling the election lever … girls enrolling in school … or families worshiping God in their own traditions. They know that given a choice, people will choose freedom over their extremist ideology. So their answer is to deny people this choice by raging against the forces of freedom and moderation. This struggle has been called a clash of civilizations. In truth, it is a struggle for civilization. We are fighting to maintain the way of life enjoyed by free nations. And we are fighting for the possibility that good and decent people across the Middle East can raise up societies based on freedom, and tolerance, and personal dignity.

"We are now in the early hours of this struggle between tyranny and freedom. Amid the violence, some question whether the people of the Middle East want their freedom – and whether the forces of moderation can prevail. For sixty years, these doubts guided our policies in the Middle East. And then, on a bright September morning, it became clear that the calm we saw in the Middle East was only a mirage. Years of pursuing stability to promote peace had left us with neither. So we changed our policies, and committed America’s influence in the world to advancing freedom and democracy as the great alternatives to repression and radicalism.

"With our help, the people of the Middle East are now stepping forward to claim their freedom. From Kabul to Baghdad to Beirut, there are brave men and women risking their lives each day for the same freedoms that we enjoy. And they have one question of us: Do we have the confidence to do in the Middle East what our fathers and grandfathers accomplished in Europe and Asia? By standing with democratic leaders and reformers, by giving voice to the hopes of decent men and women, we are offering a path away from radicalism. And we are enlisting the most powerful force for peace and moderation in the Middle East: The desire of millions to be free.

"Across the broader Middle East, the extremists are fighting to prevent such a future. Yet America has confronted evil before, and we have defeated it – sometimes at the cost of thousands of good men in a single battle. When Franklin Roosevelt vowed to defeat two enemies across two oceans, he could not have foreseen D-Day and Iwo Jima – but he would not have been surprised at the outcome. When Harry Truman promised American support for free peoples resisting Soviet aggression, he could not have foreseen the rise of the Berlin Wall – but he would not have been surprised to see it brought down. Throughout our history, America has seen liberty challenged – and every time, we have seen liberty triumph with sacrifice and determination.

"At the start of this young century, America looks to the day when the people of the Middle East leave the desert of despotism for the fertile gardens of liberty – and resume their rightful place in a world of peace and prosperity. We look to the day when the nations of that region recognize that their greatest resource is not the oil in the ground – but the talent and creativity of their people. We look to the day when moms and dads throughout the Middle East see a future of hope and opportunity for their children. And when that good day comes, the clouds of war will part … the appeal of radicalism will decline ... and we will leave our children with a better and safer world. On this solemn anniversary, we rededicate ourselves to this cause. Our Nation has endured trials – and we face a difficult road ahead. Winning this war will require the determined efforts of a unified country. So we must put aside our differences, and work together to meet the test that history has given us. We will defeat our enemies … we will protect our people ... and we will lead the 21st century into a shining age of human liberty.

"Earlier this year, I traveled to the United States Military Academy. I was there to deliver the commencement address to the first class to arrive at West Point after the attacks of September the 11th. That day I met a proud mom named RoseEllen Dowdell. She was there to watch her son Patrick accept his commission in the finest Army the world has ever known. A few weeks earlier, RoseEllen had watched her other son, James, graduate from the Fire Academy in New York City. On both these days, her thoughts turned to someone who was not there to share the moment: her husband, Kevin Dowdell. Kevin was one of the 343 firefighters who rushed to the burning towers of the World Trade Center on September the 11th – and never came home. His sons lost their father that day – but not the passion for service he instilled in them. Here is what RoseEllen says about her boys, “As a mother, I cross my fingers and pray all the time for their safety – but as worried as I am, I am also proud – and I know their dad would be too.”

"Our Nation is blessed to have young Americans like these – and we will need them. Dangerous enemies have declared their intention to destroy our way of life. They are not the first to try – and their fate will be the same as those who tried before. Nine-Eleven showed us why. The attacks were meant to bring us to our knees, and they did – but not in the way the terrorists intended. Americans united in prayer ... came to the aid of neighbors in need ... and resolved that our enemies would not have the last word. The spirit of our people is the source of America’s strength. And we go forward with trust in that spirit, confidence in our purpose – and faith in a loving God who made us to be free.

"Thank you, and may God bless you."

9:17pm Eastern - End.

***

Update: I cannot end the day without giving thanks to the men and women of the US Armed Forces who have volunteered to put their lives on the line to put force behind President Bush's words.

Deepest thanks to all of you. You are all in our family's prayers--you have been since America started fighting back on Sept. 12, 2001.

You are not forgotten.

9/11 PLEDGE: "I WILL NOT SUBMIT"

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The above phrase in Arabic is "lan astaslem." It means "I will not surrender/I will not submit." (Thanks to Rusty, Laura, and Daveed for translation help.) This is the last line of my 9/11 column and it's my 9/11 anniversary message to the convert-or-die jihadists.

And yes, I've got t-shirts in the works as a response to Cindy Sheehan's own Arabic moonbat version, which protests national security profiling.

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Hers reads: "We will not be silent." Yeah, well neither will I.

My morning has been devoted to paying tribute to the victims of the terrorist attacks five years ago. They will never be forgotten. But as I wrote last night in noting the new Zawahiri video:

"Remembrance is worthless without resolve. And resolve is useless without recognition. You can't know our enemies, let alone defeat them, with your head buried in the sand hiding from the 'Islamophobia' brigade."

Remembrance. Resolve. Recognition. Those have been major themes of this blog over the past several years in covering everything from the battle over the Ground Zero memorial to the fight over the Flight 93 memorial to the terror-coddling by CAIR to our persistently stupid open-door policies to jihadis to the Mohammed Cartoon rage to the plight of Abdul Rahman to the blogger whistle-blowing on "Fauxtography."

In keeping with those three tenets, I have chosen to welcome best-selling author Robert Spencer over at Hot Air today to provide much deeper historical context for the 9/11 attacks--context the appeasers and the Islamophobia-phobes prefer to ignore, misremember, or whitewash. We'll be running another program later this week hosted by Robert, who will have a rejoinder to American al Qaeda Adam Gadahn. Gadahn named Robert and several other outspoken American analysts and authors, including Daniel Pipes and Steve Emerson, who write critically on Islam and jihad.

We owe these and many other outspoken dissidents our thanks. I personally owe Robert, Daniel, Steve, Diana West, and Andy Bostom deepest gratitude for helping educate me about a threat I shrugged my shoulders at before 9/11. More: Bat Ye'or. Oriana Fallaci. Wafa Sultan. Aayan Hirsi Ali. Irshad Manji. Ibn Warraq. Bruce Bawer. MEMRI. Bloggers: Charles Johnson, The Jawa Report, Laura Mansfield, Gates of Vienna, The Counterterrorism Blog, Zombie, Honest Reporting, Paul Belien and The Brussels Journal. So many more.

Not all of them agree on every aspect of the Islamic terrorist threat to the West or how best to defend ourselves against it. And I don't agree with everything they've written. But all of these men and women are inspirations who share a common intellectual defiance against submission to jihad.

For their refusal to submit, they have earned death threats, scorn, and endless accusations of "Islamophobia." And not just from the unhinged Left. Ralph Peters of the New York Post, a venerable writer and author whose work I've admired and respected, lost it completely last week pointing fingers at unnamed "right-wing extremists" as "Islam Haters: The Enemy Within." He refuses to name any names. He rages that his anonymous targets are the "Ku Klux Klan with higher-thread-count sheets." And he plays the chickenhawk card to the hilt, as if civilians have no ammunition to offer in the battle against jihadists.

Sputters Peters:

"The most repugnant trend in the American shouting match that passes for a debate on the struggle with Islamist terrorism isn't the irresponsible nonsense on the left - destructive though that is. The really ugly "domestic insurgency" is among right-wing extremists bent on discrediting honorable conservatism."

Um, who's shouting? And if "right-wing extremists" are more destructive than the jihadi-coddling Left, why can't Peters muster up the cojones to name a single one of these destructive forces?

Andy Bostom has a scathing response. So does Spencer, who writes:

As I have said many times, I am all for encouraging and working with moderate Muslims. But for their moderation to be effective, they have to confront, repudiate, and help other Muslims to repudiate the elements of Islam that are giving rise to violent fanaticism. Most self-proclaimed moderates instead simply deny those elements exist, while the mujahedin continue to use those same elements to recruit new members. And now Ralph Peters, in his fog of confusion, has just contributed to that destructive denial.

It's a measure of how triumphant the forces of political correctness have been over the past five years that attempts to discuss what Islam is actually about immediately invite cries of bigotry and "Islamophobia"--not only from the unhinged Left, but also from the obsequious Right.

I share my friend and Hot Air colleague Bryan Preston's related thoughts on this:

Five years on, a psychosis has gripped millions who can’t and won’t fathom the true nature of the war we are in. For many of them, having been born and raised in an essentially post-Christian West, they can’t imagine that anyone might be motivated to kill and die because of something a warlord wrote down centuries ago. They cannot imagine any religion other than the one they believe they have outgrown being violent or causing violence. They cannot imagine anyone fighting for a cause that offers no material gains and therefore cannot be negotiated away. In our essentially materialist West, millions lack the imagination to believe that bin Laden’s pining for the return of Andalusia to Muslim rule is in his mind a legitimate reason to wage war on America now. They can imagine their own countrymen being so motivated, though, and I think that’s key to understanding their state of mind. They can imagine the Rotary Club member down the street plotting mayhem because he goes to church and votes Republican, but they can’t imagine that the Muslim in Karachi is a real, live enemy who is actually plotting an attack.

This lack of imagination has bred the anti-war madness we have now. Rather than accept the reality of an enemy that cannot and therefore will not negotiate away what he believes to be the will of God, and rather than accept that this enemy will understand nothing outside total victory or total defeat, and rather than understand that this enemy’s goals include enslaving the entire world in a global caliphate, and rather than accept that this reality necessitates the use of all tools including military might to defend ourselves, millions have embraced an alternate reality. The reality of the enemy outside the West and its motivations being too terrifying and too far beyond their own control, millions now imagine that the enemy in this war is within. The enemy, to them, isn’t the turbaned man behind the plot to hijack multiple airplanes and crash them into multiple buildings in America. The real enemy, to these millions, is the man in the Oval Office, and the man or men behind him.

Imagining the enemy as a Westerner who has a Western worldview and essentially Western motivations gives these millions the comfort of thinking that they can understand and defeat the enemy easily. They can expose him in the press or on their blog. They can spread the word through a bumper sticker or a sign in their yard. They can vote against him and encourage others to help vote him out. They can impeach him. They can shout and rail at anyone who supports him. They can destroy his political party and ruin his name. They can, in their own minds, win the war on their own terms without exposing themselves to danger. Because they have imagined their own enemy from before that day to be the enemy of civilization. And because it’s not really a war at all, just a made-up threat some evil neocons conjured up to scare everyone into giving them power. And that being the case, the deniers imagine that they can save civilizaton at the ballot box. They don’t have to find out what makes the enemy tick, they don’t have to fight him, and they don’t have to change their fundamental and now obviously flawed assumptions about humanity and the world.

If only it were that easy.

Five years on, the illness of replacing an implacable, indeed alien enemy with one from our own civilizational family has spread and metastasized through the majority of one of our two political parties, and may yet claim a majority of the country itself. History has a way of fading out as the day’s current noise rises in volume, and to them 9-11 is either history or a historic lie. The loudest voice, though not always or even often right, is often the one that gets the last word. And the 9-11 deniers and their allies across the left are nothing if not loud.

Five years on, it’s hard to take a positive look at the war because we are failing to comprehend it. The mass denial of reality is taking half our arsenal of unity and morale away from us. Those of us who see the threat for what it is still say that we will prevail because we are right and because we are America, but that’s just letting the others off the hook. If we’re going to prevail anyway, why should they snap out of their fog? And why should we demand that they do? The truth is, we need the denial to end and we need our countrymen to understand and help, but since we’re powerless to cure it with reason we shrug or laugh at it. But it’s eating away at our ability to defend ourselves.

And so I commemorate the fifth anniversary of the jihadi attacks on America with a small gesture.

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"Lan astaslem."

I will not submit. I will not surrender.

None of us can know exactly how we would act in Todd Beamer's or Barbara Olson's or Robert Stethem's or Fabrizio Quattrocchi's shoes. But we can gain strength in their memory, in the reinforcing presence of each other's company, in making our refusal to submit public, and in working to honor this anniversary vow in small ways and large--long after the memorial candles have been blown out.

YEAR FIVE

Today is the fifth anniversary of the attack on New York and Washington by Islamic radicals.

I'm sure that a lot of you will stop to remember just what you were doing five years ago today when you first heard of the attacks.

I was on the air. We were nearing the completion of the first half-hour of the show. The time was about 8:55 when I went into the news break. Belinda came into the studio to tell me that they were saying that a small plane had crashed into the World Trade Center. We looked up to the television in the studio and saw the smoke pouring out of the tower. I turned to Belinda and said "That was no small plane. This was a terrorist attack." [Nealz Nuze from 9/11/01]

I can still remember letting out a scream when I saw the second aircraft fly into the second tower. The rest of the day pretty much remains a blur. I do remember going back on the air at about 3:00 that afternoon to begin taking phone calls.

Much has happened over the past five years. Today will be a good day to discuss what we've done, where we are, and what we are facing in the future.

The Islamic terrorists haven't given up. They're bright, capable and eager. Can the same be said for us?

Though there won't be extensive notes today .. I will be doing the show live from Tucson, Arizona. Though I'm on vacation this week, I wanted to do a show on this fifth anniversary of the Islamic terrorist attacks. Thanks to the people at KVOI Radio in Tucson I'm able to do just that.

There will be much to talk about today. Here are just a few questions that might elicit some interesting responses:

  • Are we, in fact, engaged in a World War against Islamic fascism?
  • Is Islamic terrorism a law enforcement problem or a problem requiring a military response?
  • Should we abandon political correctness and get on with the profiling?
  • Why aren't Americans aware of the danger still posed by Islamic terrorism?
  • How would things be different today if either Al Gore or John Kerry had won the presidency?
  • How great a debt do we owe the people of Florida?
  • Was it necessary to remove Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq? Did he present a threat to us?
  • Will Democrats protect this country from further attacks if they should gain control of the government?
  • What role did Bill Clinton play in enabling the terrorists through his inattention to the problem?
  • Would Islamic terrorists find it difficult to smuggle a nuclear device into America?
  • How much of our civil liberties are you willing to curtail in order to effectively fight these Islamic radicals?
  • Do you expect another Islamic terrorist attack on our country in the near future?

Those questions, and discussion of the first two hours of ABC's miniseries "The Path to 9/11" today on The Neal Boortz Show.

NEVER FORGET: AMERICAN AIRLINES FLIGHT 11

The Vice President and former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher are at Ground Zero. Moment of silence at 8:46 am to mark the crash of American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower of the World Trade Center at 8:46:40am Eastern.

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From the 9/11 Commission report:

The Hijacking of American 11

American Airlines Flight 11 provided nonstop service from Boston to Los Angeles. On September 11, Captain John Ogonowski and First Officer Thomas McGuinness piloted the Boeing 767. It carried its full capacity of nine flight attendants. Eighty-one passengers boarded the flight with them (including the five terrorists).22

The plane took off at 7:59. Just before 8:14, it had climbed to 26,000 feet, not quite its initial assigned cruising altitude of 29,000 feet. All communications and flight profile data were normal. About this time the "Fasten Seatbelt" sign would usually have been turned off and the flight attendants would have begun preparing for cabin service.23

At that same time, American 11 had its last routine communication with the ground when it acknowledged navigational instructions from the FAA's air traffic control (ATC) center in Boston. Sixteen seconds after that transmis-sion, ATC instructed the aircraft's pilots to climb to 35,000 feet. That message and all subsequent attempts to contact the flight were not acknowledged. From this and other evidence, we believe the hijacking began at 8:14 or shortly thereafter.24

Reports from two flight attendants in the coach cabin, Betty Ong and Madeline "Amy" Sweeney, tell us most of what we know about how the hijacking happened. As it began, some of the hijackers-most likely Wail al Shehri and Waleed al Shehri, who were seated in row 2 in first class-stabbed the two unarmed flight attendants who would have been preparing for cabin service.25

We do not know exactly how the hijackers gained access to the cockpit; FAA rules required that the doors remain closed and locked during flight. Ong speculated that they had "jammed their way" in. Perhaps the terrorists stabbed the flight attendants to get a cockpit key, to force one of them to open the cockpit door, or to lure the captain or first officer out of the cockpit. Or the flight attendants may just have been in their way.26

At the same time or shortly thereafter, Atta-the only terrorist on board trained to fly a jet-would have moved to the cockpit from his business-class seat, possibly accompanied by Omari. As this was happening, passenger Daniel Lewin, who was seated in the row just behind Atta and Omari, was stabbed by one of the hijackers-probably Satam al Suqami, who was seated directly behind Lewin. Lewin had served four years as an officer in the Israeli military. He may have made an attempt to stop the hijackers in front of him, not realizing that another was sitting behind him.27

The hijackers quickly gained control and sprayed Mace, pepper spray, or some other irritant in the first-class cabin, in order to force the passengers and flight attendants toward the rear of the plane.They claimed they had a bomb.28

About five minutes after the hijacking began, Betty Ong contacted the American Airlines Southeastern Reservations Office in Cary, North Carolina, via an AT&T airphone to report an emergency aboard the flight. This was the first of several occasions on 9/11 when flight attendants took action outside the scope of their training, which emphasized that in a hijacking, they were to communicate with the cockpit crew. The emergency call lasted approximately 25 minutes, as Ong calmly and professionally relayed information about events taking place aboard the airplane to authorities on the ground.29

At 8:19, Ong reported: "The cockpit is not answering, somebody's stabbed in business class-and I think there's Mace-that we can't breathe-I don't know, I think we're getting hijacked." She then told of the stabbings of the two flight attendants.30

At 8:21, one of the American employees receiving Ong's call in North Carolina, Nydia Gonzalez, alerted the American Airlines operations center in Fort Worth, Texas, reaching Craig Marquis, the manager on duty. Marquis soon realized this was an emergency and instructed the airline's dispatcher responsible for the flight to contact the cockpit. At 8:23, the dispatcher tried unsuccessfully to contact the aircraft. Six minutes later, the air traffic control specialist in American's operations center contacted the FAA's Boston Air Traffic Control Center about the flight. The center was already aware of the problem.31

Boston Center knew of a problem on the flight in part because just before 8:25 the hijackers had attempted to communicate with the passengers. The microphone was keyed, and immediately one of the hijackers said, "Nobody move. Everything will be okay. If you try to make any moves, you'll endanger yourself and the airplane. Just stay quiet." Air traffic controllers heard the transmission; Ong did not. The hijackers probably did not know how to operate the cockpit radio communication system correctly, and thus inadvertently broadcast their message over the air traffic control channel instead of the cabin public-address channel. Also at 8:25, and again at 8:29, Amy Sweeney got through to the American Flight Services Office in Boston but was cut off after she reported someone was hurt aboard the flight. Three minutes later, Sweeney was reconnected to the office and began relaying updates to the manager, Michael Woodward.32

At 8:26, Ong reported that the plane was "flying erratically." A minute later, Flight 11 turned south. American also began getting identifications of the hijackers, as Ong and then Sweeney passed on some of the seat numbers of those who had gained unauthorized access to the cockpit.33

Sweeney calmly reported on her line that the plane had been hijacked; a man in first class had his throat slashed; two flight attendants had been stabbed-one was seriously hurt and was on oxygen while the other's wounds seemed minor; a doctor had been requested; the flight attendants were unable to contact the cockpit; and there was a bomb in the cockpit. Sweeney told Woodward that she and Ong were trying to relay as much information as they could to people on the ground.34

At 8:38, Ong told Gonzalez that the plane was flying erratically again. Around this time Sweeney told Woodward that the hijackers were Middle Easterners, naming three of their seat numbers. One spoke very little English and one spoke excellent English. The hijackers had gained entry to the cockpit, and she did not know how. The aircraft was in a rapid descent.35

At 8:41, Sweeney told Woodward that passengers in coach were under the impression that there was a routine medical emergency in first class. Other flight attendants were busy at duties such as getting medical supplies while Ong and Sweeney were reporting the events.36

At 8:41, in American's operations center, a colleague told Marquis that the air traffic controllers declared Flight 11 a hijacking and "think he's [American 11] headed toward Kennedy [airport in New York City].They're moving everybody out of the way. They seem to have him on a primary radar. They seem to think that he is descending."37

At 8:44, Gonzalez reported losing phone contact with Ong. About this same time Sweeney reported to Woodward," Something is wrong. We are in a rapid descent . . . we are all over the place." Woodward asked Sweeney to look out the window to see if she could determine where they were. Sweeney responded: "We are flying low. We are flying very, very low. We are flying way too low." Seconds later she said, "Oh my God we are way too low." The phone call ended.38

At 8:46:40, American 11 crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City.39 All on board, along with an unknown number of people in the tower, were killed instantly.

Crew:

* Barbara Arestegui, 38, Marstons Mills, Mass., flight attendant
* Jeffrey Collman, 41, Novato, Calif., flight attendant
* Sara Low, 28, Batesville, Ark., flight attendant
* Karen Martin, 40, Danvers, Mass., flight attendant
* Thomas McGuinness, 42, Portsmouth, N.H., first officer
* Kathleen Nicosia, flight attendant
* John Ogonowski, 52, Dracut, Mass., captain
* Betty Ong, 45, Andover, Mass., flight attendant
* Jean Roger, 24, Longmeadow, Mass., flight attendant
* Dianne Snyder, 42, Westport, Mass., flight attendant
* Madeline Sweeney, 35, Acton, Mass., flight attendant

Passengers:

* Anna Williams Allison, 48, Stoneham, Mass., founder, A2 Software Solutions
* David Angell, 54, Pasadena, Calif., executive producer, NBC's ''Frasier''
* Lynn Angell, Pasadena, Calif.
* Seima Aoyama
* Myra Aronson, 52, Charlestown, Mass., press and analyst relations manager
* Christine Barbuto, 32, Brookline, Mass., TJX Co.
* Carolyn Beug, 48, Los Angeles, Calif.
* Kelly Booms, 24, Boston, Mass., PricewaterhouseCoopers
* Carol Bouchard, 43, Warwick, R.I., emergency room secretary, Kent County Hospital
* Neilie Casey, 32, Wellesley, Mass., TJX Co.
* Jeffrey Coombs, 42, Abington, Mass., security analyst, Compaq
* Tara Creamer, 30, Worcester, Mass.
* Thelma Cuccinello, 71, Wilmot, N.H.
* Patrick Currivan
* Brian Dale, 43, Warren, N.J.
* David DiMeglio, Wakefield, Mass.
* Donald Ditullio, 49, Peabody, Mass., Smith and Nephew
* Albert Dominguez, 65, Sydney, Australia
* Alex Filipov, 70, Concord, Mass., electrical engineer
* Carol Flyzik, 40, Plaistow, N.H.
* Paul Friedman
* Karleton D.B. Fyfe, 31, Brookline, Mass., John Hancock
* Peter Gay, 54, Tewksbury, Mass., plant manager, Raytheon Co.
* Linda George, 27, Westboro, Mass., TJX Co.
* Edmund Glazer, 41, Los Angeles, Calif., chief financial officer, MRV Communications
* Lisa Fenn Gordenstein, 41, Needham, Mass., TJX Co.
* Andrew Curry Green, 34, Los Angeles, Calif., director of business development, eLogic
* Paige Farley Hackel, 46, Newton, Mass., spiritual counselor
* Peter Hashem, 40, Tewksbury, Mass., salesman
* Robert Hayes, 37, Amesbury, Mass., sales engineer, Netstal
* Ted Hennessey, 35, Belmont, Mass., consultant
* John Hofer
* Cora Holland, 52, Sudbury, Mass., Sudbury Food Pantry at Our Lady of Fatima Church
* Nicholas Humber, 60, Newton, Mass., owner, Brae Burn Management
* John Jenkins, 45, Cambridge, Mass., corporate office services manager, Charles River Associates
* Charles Jones, 48, Bedford, Mass., computer programmer
* Robin Kaplan, 33, Westboro, Mass., TJX Co.
* Barbara Keating, 72, Palm Springs, Calif.
* David Kovalcin, 42, Hudson, N.H.
* Judy Larocque, 50, Framingham, Mass., founder and CEO, Market Perspectives
* N. Janis Lasden, 46, Peabody, Mass., General Electric
* Daniel John Lee, 34, Los Angeles, Calif.
* Daniel C. Lewin, 31, co-founder, Akamai Technologies
* Susan MacKay, 44, Westford, Mass., TJX Co.
* Chris Mello, 25, Boston, Mass., analyst
* Jeff Mladenik, 43, Hinsdale, Ill., interim president, E-Logic
* Antonio Montoya, 46, East Boston, Mass., housekeeping worker, Boston Harbor Hotel
* Carlos Montoya
* Laura Lee Morabito, 34, Framingham, Mass., national sales manager, Qantas Airways
* Mildred Naiman, Andover, Mass.
* Laurie Neira
* Renee Newell, 37, Cranston, R.I., customer service agent, American Airlines
* Jacqueline Norton, 60, Lubec, Maine, retiree
* Robert Norton, 82, Lubec, Maine, retiree
* Jane Orth, 49, Haverhill, Mass., retiree, Lucent Technologies
* Thomas Pecorelli, 31, Los Angeles, Calif., cameraman, Fox Sports and E! Entertainment Television
* Berry Berenson Perkins, 53, Wellfleet, Mass., actress and photographer
* Sonia Morales Puopolo, 58, Dover, Mass., former ballet dancer
* David Retik, Needham, Mass.
* Philip Rosenzweig, Acton, Mass., executive, Sun Microsystems
* Richard Ross, 58, Newton, Mass., Ross Group
* Jessica Sachs, 22, Billerica, Mass., accountant, PricewaterhouseCoopers
* Rahma Salie, 28, Boston, Mass.
* Heather Smith, 30, Boston, Mass., Beacon Capital Partners
* Douglas Stone, 54, Dover, N.H.
* Xavier Suarez
* Michael Theodoridis, 32, Boston, Mass., consultant
* James Trentini, 65, Everett, Mass., retired teacher and assistant principal
* Mary Trentini, 67, Everett, Mass., retired secretary
* Pendyala Vamsikrishna, 30, Los Angeles, Calif., project manager for consulting firm, DTI
* Mary Wahlstrom, 75, Kaysville, Utah
* Kenneth Waldie, 46, Methuen, Mass., Raytheon Co.
* John Wenckus, 46, Torrance, Calif., tax consultant
* Candace Lee Williams, 20, Danbury, Conn., student
* Christopher Zarba, 47, Hopkinton, Mass., software engineer, Concord Communications